Linux FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard) http://www.meabi.com/?p=169
Linux FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard)
| Directory | Description |
|---|---|
| / | Primary hierarchy root and root directory of the entire file system hierarchy. |
| /bin/ | Essential command binaries that need to be available in single user mode; for all users, e.g., cat, ls, cp. |
| /boot/ | Boot loader files, e.g., kernels, initrd; often a separate partition[8] |
| /dev/ | Essential devices, e.g., /dev/null. |
| /etc/ | Host-specific system-wide configuration files (the name comes from et cetera[9]). |
|
Configuration files for /opt/. |
|
Configuration files for the X Window System, version 11. |
|
Configuration files for SGML. |
|
Configuration files for XML. |
| /home/ | Users’ home directories, containing saved files, personal settings, etc.; often a separate partition. |
| /lib/ | Libraries essential for the binaries in /bin/ and /sbin/. |
| /media/ | Mount points for removable media such as CD-ROMs (appeared in FHS-2.3). |
| /mnt/ | Temporarily mounted filesystems. |
| /opt/ | Optional application software packages[10]. |
| /proc/ | Virtual filesystem documenting kernel and process status as text files, e.g., uptime, network. In Linux, corresponds to a Procfs mount. |
| /root/ | Home directory for the root user. |
| /sbin/ | Essential system binaries, e.g., init, route, mount. |
| /srv/ | Site-specific data which is served by the system. |
| /tmp/ | Temporary files (see also /var/tmp). Often not preserved between system reboots. |
| /usr/ | Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data; contains the majority of (multi-)user utilities and applications.[11] |
|
Non-essential command binaries (not needed in single user mode); for all users. |
|
Standard include files. |
|
Libraries for the binaries in /usr/bin/ and /usr/sbin/. |
|
Non-essential system binaries, e.g., daemons for various network-services. |
|
Architecture-independent (shared) data. |
|
Source code, e.g., the kernel source code with its header files. |
|
X Window System, Version 11, Release 6. |
|
Tertiary hierarchy for local data, specific to this host. Typically has further subdirectories, e.g., bin/, lib/, share/.[12] |
| /var/ | Variable files—files whose content is expected to continually change during normal operation of the system—such as logs, spool files, and temporary e-mail files. Sometimes a separate partition. |
|
State information. Persistent data modified by programs as they run, e.g., databases, packaging system metadata, etc. |
|
Lock files. Files keeping track of resources currently in use. |
|
Log files. Various logs. |
|
Users’ mailboxes. |
|
Information about the running system since last boot, e.g., currently logged-in users and running daemons. |
|
Spool for tasks waiting to be processed, e.g., print queues and unread mail. |
|
Deprecated location for users’ mailboxes. |
|
Temporary files to be preserved between reboots. |
Linux 
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